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Content DescriptionUpdates in the 2016 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems help designers, engineers, contractors, and installers develop the best fire sprinkler defense for any occupancy. Fire protection challenges have changed along with construction materials and types of storage. Get equipped for today’s hazards by getting up-to-code with the new industry standard for the automatic sprinkler system design, installation, and acceptance testing; hanging and bracing systems; underground piping; and seismic protection. Revisions to commodity classification tables in the 2016 NFPA 13 present the most significant update to the tables in over 30 years. Updated classification tables in Chapter 5 Annex based on today’s materials help sprinkler system designers avoid common errors in classifying commodities. The new tables improve accuracy and reduce the risk for mistakes that could prove catastrophic in a fire. A task group addressed the costly problem of corrosion in piping. In a major change that impacts installers, the 2016 NFPA 13 adds a new requirement that a single air vent be installed for each wet sprinkler system to help reduce potential corrosion activity due to trapped air. A task group concluded that venting the trapped air in a wet system can decrease water delivery time, reduce alarm ring delay, reduce water flow alarm cyclic ringing, and reduce corrosion activity. Other changes provide more flexible options for sprinkler design: A new protection scheme for exposed bay plastics in racks has been added to Chapter 17, in response to the potential for serious fires. New language added to Chapter 8 based on studies done by the Fire Protection Research Foundation allows sprinklers to be omitted above certain cloud ceiling configurations. Conversions to metric have switched from an exact conversion into an approximate conversion to make the Standard more usable and cost effective on a global scale. A new provision requires listed window sprinklers to be used where glazing assemblies are used as an alternative to fire-resistance-rated construction. Revisions in Chapter 9 address the use of concrete anchors An alternative storage protection scheme has been added for certain storage arrangements, similar to the Scheme A allowance in NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Gain the edge in sprinkler protection to prevent fire deaths and property loss. NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems advances how sprinkler system designers, installers, maintainers, and AHJs can safeguard people and property against fire. Improve automatic fire sprinkler effectiveness and avoid errors using the new research-based 2016 edition of NFPA 13: Installation of Sprinkler SystemsThe following editions for this book are also available...
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In August, the NFPA Standards Council voted to issue the 2016 edition NFPA 13R Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies with an effective date of September 7. The 2016 edition of NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems was also issued effective on the same date. The 2016 edition of NFPA 13D Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes was issued on June 15, and is now available online.
In this column, the third of three columns on the new sprinkler standards, we look some of the changes to NFPA 13D and 13R. Much of the information in this column was taken from the presentation at the NFPA Conference in Chicago given by Kerry Bell of Underwriters Labs, Ken Isman, of University of Maryland; David Lowrey, of the City of Boulder Colorado; and Matt Klaus, of NFPA.
New paragraph 5.1.1.1
Added, to match NFPA 13, which requires that once a sprinkler is removed from a sprinkler system it cannot be reinstalled. There is an exception for dry sprinklers that are removed in compliance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Paragraph 6.2.1
Revised with clarifications to 6.2.1(2) that pump motors must be wired in accordance with the NEC and 6.2.1(3) that pumps must be located not less than 1 ½ inches off the floor.
New Figure 8.2.5.3.3(b)
Added to clarify the positioning of sprinklers to avoid obstructions against walls in the case where the ceiling is sloped.
New 8.2.7
To provide relief from obstruction provisions in enclosed rooms with a volume of less than 400 cubic feet (that is cubic feet not square feet). This will especially help in small mechanical rooms containing ducts and other obstructions.
8.3.3 revision
Revises provisions for small closets to eliminate the requirement for a least dimension not more than 3 feet. Closets can be up to 24 square feet, regardless of the dimensions in order to omit sprinklers.
New 10.1.2
Added to clarify that when connection of the system is to a water supply main that is 4 inches or larger it is the static pressure that may be used in “comparison to the sprinkler system demand”. I am not sure, but I think this was added to help us understand that the water supply pressure Psup used in paragraph 10.4.9.1 Available Pressure Equation is the static pressure. Not sure I feel clarified.
New 12.3.2.1
Addresses replacement of residential sprinklers manufactured before 2003 which were used in a design to provide a density of less than 0.05 gpm/sf. If the sprinklers are no longer available a residential sprinkler with an equivalent k-factor may be used provided the coverage area is within the current listing of the replacement sprinklers. Prior to the 2002 edition of NFPA 13D densities less than 0.05 gpm/sf were permitted if the sprinkler was listed at that density.
New Figure A.6.2(a)
Added to indicate the minimum requirements for the water supply. The three figures from the previous editions are now shown as acceptable options.
New A.8.2.5
Provides guidance as to how to evaluate architectural features that may obstruct coverage by creating shadow areas. This information was previously in the 2010 edition of NFPA 13D, and was removed in the 2013.
New A.8.2.5.6
Provides guidance permitting shadow areas for corridor sidewall sprinklers.
New Figure A.9.1.1(f)
Provides an example of how piping can be tented under insulation to help prevent pipe freezing.
3.3.6 revision
The definition of Grade Plane has been revised to bring it into line with the definition of NFPA 5000. This is important for defining the number of building stories above grade.
New 5.1.1.2
Addresses replacement of residential sprinklers manufactured before 2003 and that were used in a design to provide a density of less than 0.05 gpm/sf. If the sprinklers are no longer available a residential sprinkler with an equivalent k-factor may be used provided the coverage area is within the current listing of the replacement sprinklers.
New 5.1.2.2
Matches NFPA 13 incorporating a requirement for materials and components to be compatible.
Nonmetallic Pipe Compatibility, 5.2.3.2
Revised to require a steel piping internally coating with corrosion inhibitors be listed for compatibility with nonmetallic pipe used in the system.
6.2.2 revision
Revised to consolidate all the areas outside the dwelling unit where residential sprinklers are permitted in to one location in the standard. No new changes here.
6.4.6.3.2 revision
Revised clarify that the small 400 cubic feet room provisions to provide relief from obstruction are not limited to mechanical equipment rooms and that these rooms must be enclosed.
New 6.5.4
Provides requirements for sprinkler protected glazing similar to the requirements added to NFPA 13.
6.6.3 revision
The provisions for small closets, have been revised to eliminate the requirement for a least dimension not more than 3 feet. Closets can be up to 24 square feet regardless of the dimensions in order to omit sprinklers.
6.6.6 revision
Has been revised to recognize that there are cases where elevator shafts use fire rated assemblies with combustible construction and still comply with ANSI A17.1 and not require sprinklers.
New 6.7.2.2.3
To clarify that the requirement for supervision of heat tracing systems calls for some form of attended monitoring, not simply a light indicating there is power to the circuit.
New 6.8.8
Requires a means to conduct a forward flow test of backflow prevention valves be provided.
6.9.2 revision
Revised to clarify that the required main drain need not necessarily be capable of draining all parts of the system (that AHJ in Frostbite Falls can be so literal at times). Of course, parts of the system where piping is trapped must be taken care of with auxiliary drains. New 6.9.5 and 6.9.6 have been added to address how trapped portions of dry and wet systems must be addressed.
A1.1 revision
Revised in a modest attempt to provide information and cautions to deal with the mistaken perception many building have about their NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.
See my column “Perception is Reality” in the April 2015 issue of Plumbing Engineer. The NFPA 13R committee has done a tremendous job. They have provided our community with a document that allows sprinklers to be provided for residential occupancies at the lower cost demanded by builders (primarily by not requiring sprinklers in combustible attic spaces), with the result that many lives have been saved.
The task ahead for the committee is to help these sprinkler system owners to understand the limits of their NFPA 13R system, that it may not save the building. That issue will surely be dealt with for the upcoming 2019 edition of 13R.
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This concludes the series of columns on changes to the sprinkler standards. One more thing, have you noticed that the vertical change bars found in previous editions of the code are not present?
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Samuel S. Dannaway, P.E., is a registered fire protection engineer and mechanical engineer with bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Maryland Department of Fire Protection Engineering. He is past president and a Fellow of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers. He is president of S. S. Dannaway Associates Inc., a 15-person fire protection engineering firm with offices in Honolulu and Guam. He can be reached via email at [email protected].